Solenoid Design - Humphrey
These solenoids are generally known as the highest quality valves used in paintball markers, however they are quite expensive as a result. There are a few different varieties available, some of which are explained.
The Humphrey Hx4x series is utilized for the Bushmaster BK0, in three-way form. There also exists a four-way for this valve model, but it isn't used for any paintball markers. A diagram for this three-way design can be seen here:
The next valve that was developed is the Humphrey HEA and HEB series, which are identical except the A is 4-way and B is 3-way. Of a few valves that are used in the industry, the "F" and "A" in HEA10F5-GL and HEA10A5-GL changes the method for mounting the solenoid, either manifold base-mount or threaded ports respectively. This means the solenoids are identical except for the method by which they attach to the pressurized components in the marker.
High-pressure valves:
In 2004 Humphrey released their special high-pressure solenoid valve which is capable of handling up to 275-psi and perhaps above. These solenoids were chiefly designed at the request of Smart Parts however they are also used in other markers as well. The main difference between the CRCB and previous Humphrey solenoids is the special sealing disks that replaces standard o-ring seals on the spool. The sealing disks allow the solenoids to function at a higher pressure rating, specifically 300-psi (rated to 225, burst at 300+ psi).
The disadvantage to this design is the long dwell time required to switch the spool. Additionally the core has to be a little larger in mass along with a larger core spring, so a bit more power is consumed. The power requirements are still very comparable to other pilot-actuated solenoids, but a slightly shorter battery life can be observed.
The Second notation in the CRCB series valves referrs to the mounting and electronics attachment. The -0045W solenoids are manifold base-mount using a female connector for the electronics (made for Shocker/Nerve upper boards). The -0051W uses the same manifold base-mount except it utilizes wire leads instead of a connector. Last, the -0053W uses wire leads and a body threaded for M3 ports. That particular valve isn't used in any markers, but can be easily installed in any marker using internal hosery to function (along as it can physically fit in the marker), such as the Intimidator.